In 1925, Frantz Fanon was born in Martinique. During World War II, he served in the French Army and afterwards studied medicine and psychiatry in France, where he published his first book, Black Skin, White Masks, in 1952. In the mid-1950s, he joined the Algerian Nationalist Movement, and shortly before his death from leukemia in December 1961, he released The Wretched of the Earth.